The chloride permeability of concrete with slag or (20wt%, 30wt%, and 40wt% of binder) and binary slag and fly ash (the ratio of slag and fly ash 5:5, 4:6 and 6:4) was investigated in this study.
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Fly ash and slag are among the most used wastes as supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) for partially replacing cement in concrete. Globally, these by-products are generated at a substantial scale, with fly ash production ranging from 900 to 1000 million tonnes and slag production from 140 to 330 million tonnes annually [15, 48].Herath et al. [22] reported …
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In this paper, S95 grade ultrafine mineral admixture was prepared by water quenched manganese slag and fly ash 1:1 compound mechanical ball milling to a specific surface area of 714 m2/kg. Its ...
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The effects of four parameters of fly ash content, water glass modulus, water glass solid content, and water–solid ratio on the working performance and mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag–fly ash composite cementation system were discussed. The gelling system was studied by microscopic experiments such as SEM and FTIR.
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Cement production emits a large amount of CO 2 into the atmosphere and consumes significant mineral resources, necessitating urgent green transformation in this traditional industry. To address carbon emissions in the building materials sector and effectively utilize industrial solid waste, this study presents the preparation of geopolymer mortar using a …
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Research has shown that the high alkalinity of steel slag can effectively stimulate the volcanic ash activity of fly ash and promote the breaking of active Si-O-Si, Si-O-Al, and Al-O-Al bonds inside …
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From technical, economic and ecological points of view, siliceous by-products are now recognized and accepted as desirable and vital constituents of concrete. Current specifications for such materials tend to be restrictive to some extent, however, and in many countries there are separate standards for each admixture. These in turn inhibit the wider use of these mineral additions to …
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This study investigates the effects of curing conditions, fly ash, and silica fume on the strength of alkali-activated steel slag. Specifically, it examines ambient air conditions at 18–20 °C and 59 %-80 % relative humidity, as well as curing in air at 20 …
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In order to develop a cost-effective one-part alkali-activated recycled coarse aggregate concrete (AARC), fly ash sinking beads (FASB), granulated blast furnace slag …
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1.2.7 Chemical Composition. Chemical composition of fly ashes include silica (SiO 2), alumina (Al 2 O 3), and oxides of calcium (CaO), iron (Fe 2 O 3), magnesium (MgO), titanium (TiO 2), sulfur (SO 3), sodium (Na 2 O), and potassium (K 2 O), and unburned carbon (LOI). Amongst these SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 together make up about 45–80% of the total ash. The sub …
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The use of GBFS started in 1865 in Germany [3], while the use of fly ash is dated back to the beginnings of the 20th century [2]. The world-wide production of these industrial by-products is: fly ash about 900–1000 million tons [2,8] …
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It was observed that the increase of fly ash and copper slag shows the improvement in the fresh properties. 20% fly ash used as optimum to replace copper slag in fine aggregate. 40% of copper slag ...
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Some studies have demonstrated that adding an appropriate amount of supplementary cementitious materials, such as fly ash (FA) and ground-granulated blast slag (GGBS), can improve the bonding strength between concrete and aggregates ... and the torque first increased and then decreased with an increase in the mineral powder content.
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The mineral components of fly ash, including mullite and amorphous aluminosilicate, exhibit high reactivity. During hydration, they can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) generated from cement hydration, thereby further …
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The physical properties of cementing and secondary cementitious materials are tabulated in the Table 1, including inert materials such as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate.Microstructures of copper slag, fly ash and cement were observed with the help of SEM analysis and presented in Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. 1c respectively. The suitability of fine aggregate …
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Materials. The experimental materials included the following: fly ash with a density of 2.55 g/cm 3, slag with a density of 3.1 g/cm 3 and a specific surface area of 429 m 2 /kg, technical-grade water glass with a modulus of 3.3 and a content of 34%, analytically pure sodium hydroxide whose NaOH content is over 96%, analytically pure sodium hypochlorite solution as …
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Fly ash: the use of low calcium fly ash (CSA Class F and Cl with CaO content < 20%) increases resistance to sulphate atta ck. Fly ashes with more than 20% CaO should be investigated for sulphate ...
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The Ca/Si ratio of gels varied with the slag content [73]. with the increase of fly ash content, the reduction of Na + in N-A-S-H gel was observed, meanwhile the distribution of Ca/Si ratios was a constantly increased.
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Low-calcium (FA) and high-calcium (HCFA) fly ash and granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) are the most widely known, standardized and used SCMs in the composition of …
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Many researchers have found that the binary system of alkali-activated slag/fly ash has an improved mechanical properties and durability [11], [12], [13]. The enhanced mechanical performance and durability of alkali-activated slag/fly ash have attracted great attention by both scientific community and construction industry.
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Combustion processes produce fly ash as a waste by-product, which has a high potential for CO2 sequestration. Calcium fly ash from lignite combustion and fly ash from fluidised bed boilers have particularly high potential due to their high CaO content. Fly ash can be used in the mineral sequestration of CO2 via direct and indirect carbonation.
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The pyrolysis characteristics of fly ash and the effects of fly ash addition on copper slag properties and copper loss were investigated. At 1300 °C, 60 min settling time and 15 …
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This paper presents a novel low-carbon binder formulated from fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag, steel slag, and desulfurization gypsum as a quaternary solid waste-based material. It specifically examines the influence of FA content on the mechanical properties and hydration reactions of the quaternary solid waste-based binder. The mortar test …
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This study obtained the optimal solidification conditions of fly ash from a grate incinerator, which are mineral slag content of 40%, activator content of 4%, and water content of 27.5%.
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This study assesses the characteristics of preplaced aggregate concrete prepared with alkali-activated cement grout as an adhesive binder. Various binary blends of slag and fly ash without fine aggregate as a filler material were considered along with different solution-to-solid ratios. The properties of fresh and hardened grout along with the properties of hardened …
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With the increase in municipal solid waste incineration, fly ash, its heavy metal content, and its disposal methods have attracted wide attention. This work investigates if the alkali-activated mineral slag gel solidification of heavy metals in fly ash has positive significance in promoting the harmless treatment of fly ash. This study obtained the optimal solidification …
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The SEM examination showed that the fly ash particles varied in size, ranging from nanosized particles up to 10 μm. The bright fly ash cenospheres represent the presence of higher iron content evident from EDS analysis. The lithium slag showed the presence of calcium-rich aluminosilicates in the form of micro and nano-sized angular particles.
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Maekawa [10], [11], [12] proposed a general hydration model (DuCOM) for concrete incorporating fly ash and slag. Fly ash and slag reactions are treated separately from those of ordinary Portland cement, and some interactions are taken into account through the free water content and the calcium hydroxide concentration.
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The results show that the fly ash analyzed in this study was primarily comprised of mineral phases rich in SiO₂, Al₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃. The primary crystalline phases identified were mullite and quartz. Notably, iron-rich microspheres within the fly ash encompass hematite, magnetite and glassy phases.
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