In this paper, the developregeneration characteristics of various red mud granularent status of RM-ERMs is described, the physical and chemical properties of red mud are introduced, and the active ...
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Red mud accumulation has surpassed 4.6 billion tons, and the world's red mud stockpile is steadily expanding 2,3. Red mud is considered a significant environmental threat due to its high ...
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Red mud is a highly alkaline waste product as well as containing toxic arsenic and mercury, which can cause serious harm if it enters the environment, having spilled from …
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Red mud management strategies are generally categorized into two main approaches: hazard-free treatments and resource utilization. Hazard-free treatment focuses on stabilizing red mud to reduce environmental risks, while resource utilization seeks to convert red mud into valuable products or extract useful components or elements [6], [7], [8].Among the …
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The comprehensive utilization of red mud brings forth potential leaching risks associated with sodium and heavy metal components [57]. The core constituents of red mud, namely aluminum, silicon, and calcium, collectively account for over 50 % of its composition, ... Another facet to consider is the radioactive nature of red mud, stemming from ...
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red mud elsewhere. The key immediate risks after the spill were associated with the highly caustic nature of the red mud slurry and fine particle size, which once desiccated, could generate fugitive dust. Studies on affected popula-tions showed no major hazards identified beyond caustic exposure, while red mud dust risks were considered equal
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The extremely alkaline nature of red mud is harnessed in the making of RM-ERMs, offering a window to perk up the environment through purification methods. The utility of RM-ERMs has shown promise as a potential method for simultaneously addressing various types of waste. ... enhancing stoppage safety, and augmenting the overall benefits of ...
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In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and then, the overall utilization of red mud is summarized. Then, the latest research progress on the separation and extraction of valuable metals from red mud is reviewed in detail and a new comprehensive utilization method is recommended and evaluated.
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Download the Nature Podcast 24 January 2024 . In this episode: 0:46 Turning a toxic by-product into iron. Red mud is a toxic by-product of aluminium manufacture, and millions of tonnes of it are ...
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Over the years, mining for aluminum has left behind billions of tons of the caustic sludge called red mud. But today in Nature, scientists report that a simple chemical process can extract another useful metal, iron, from this …
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Currently, the disposal of red mud, both in China and various countries, predominantly relies on land-based stockpiles [10], resulting in suboptimal utilization efficiency.Fig. 1 c illustrates the challenges and hazards posed by the red mud when disposed of. The extensive storage volume of red mud not only necessitates a significant allocation of storage space but a …
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Red mud is difficult to process because of the presence of fine particles. Most red mud slurries contain particles smaller than 10 µm at 80 % passing, and as a result, the setting process becomes slower. As the red mud is being pumped onto the mud field, 10–20 % of the caustic alkali introduced to the process is irretrievably lost [24]. The ...
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The key immediate risks after the spill were associated with the highly caustic nature of the red mud slurry and fine particle size, which once desiccated, could generate fugitive dust.
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Red mud is a hazardous waste by-product generated during the alumina extraction process, and 1–2 tons of red mud will be discharged when 1 ton of alumina is produced [1].The red mud with a pH value over 10 can cause great damage to the environment due to its high alkaline nature [2].In addition, the red mud contains hazardous elements such as Cr, Cd, Pb, …
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The Bayer method of alumina production generates highly alkaline solid waste known as red mud, which is challenging to utilize and can only be disposed of in stockpiles. This practice leads to environmental pollution and safety hazards, posing a significant barrier to the bauxite industry's transition towards green and sustainable development. In light of the …
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Red mud (RM) is a by-product produced during the extraction of alumina from bauxite using Bayer's process. The production of red mud as a by-product of hydrothermal alumina extraction results in the production of non-dissolved iron oxides, sodium aluminosilicates, titania, and silica, in addition to rare earth elements. Due to its high alkalinity, disposal …
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Red mud (abbreviated as RM) is a solid waste formed during the alumina refining process from bauxite. Every year, over 200 million tons of RM are discharged worldwide. China is a large producer of alumina; the entire amount of RM of China in storage exceeds 1 billion tons because there is no technology for large-scale treatment. Extensive studies on the sustainable …
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The paper investigates the treatment of ferric red mud through sodium roasting and alkaline leaching. The Al element in the red mud was removed, and the alkaline leaching residues were relatively pure Fe2O3. A novel approach was developed to enhance the retrieval of Fe element from high iron red mud by synthesizing sodium ferrate using alkaline leaching …
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In recent years, the development trend of red mud storage is from seawater treatment to land storage, and from wet storage to dry storage. Red mud storage not only occupies land, but also requires expensive yard maintenance, resulting in higher storage cost (Archambo and Kawatra, 2020, Archambo and Kawatra, 2020).
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In the 5 years since the 2010 Ajka red mud spill (Hungary), there have been 46 scientific studies assessing the key risks and impacts associated with the largest single release of...
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Red mud is a alkaline solid waste produced from bauxite as raw material to produce alumina or aluminium hydroxide. At present, the global red mud reserves have been estimated more than 3 billion tonnes with about 0.12 billion tonnes of annual growth rate [].The average utilization rate of red mud in the world is 15%.
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Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste discharged in the alumina production process. Because of its large amount of discharge and high alkalinity, it is mostly stored in dams, occupying a large number of land resources and posing a great safety hazard to the ecological environment. The large-scale consumption of red mud is a global technical problem. Different …
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Red mud (RM) is a highly alkaline by-product produced by the aluminium industry. The total stockpile of RM in the world is evaluated to be close 4 billion tons, which caused serious soil and water pollution. The use of RM in masonry materials has proven to be a prospective strategy to alleviate the environmental problems caused by RM. During the past decades, …
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Red mud is a hazardous solid waste generated by the alumina industry. Review covers the nature, composition and environmental hazards of red mud. Recovery of valuable metals from red mud is discussed. Numerous relevant studies are cited to investigate …
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Red mud is a red, slurry-like waste produced by the alumina industry. The expansion of the alumina sector has significantly increased red mud production in recent years. Owing to its …
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Red mud (RM), also known as bauxite residue, is a solid waste or industrial by-product (IBP) produced during the alumina extraction process from bauxite ore (Archambo and Kawatra, 2021; Wang et al., 2019; Yuan et al., 2020). The major alumina and RM-producing countries include China, Australia, Brazil, India, Greece, etc., where billions of ...
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The sulfidized red mud is not as efficient at removing arsenic, manganese, and strontium as red mud itself, Iannicelli says. But he suggests mixtures of red mud and sulfidized red mud might be an ...
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Red mud, an alkaline waste from bauxite refining, takes up land and poses environmental risks from its storage. This study examines red mud treatment, assessing blast …
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In the 5 years since the 2010 Ajka red mud spill (Hungary), there have been 46 scientific studies assessing the key risks and impacts associated with the largest single release of bauxite …
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This study systematically investigated the potential of red mud as a cement substitute in concrete production, focusing on its mechanical properties. Compliance with MEFCC (2016) regulations confirmed the non-hazardous nature of red mud waste. Red mud was incrementally added from 0% to 25%, maintaining a consistent water-cement ratio of 0.35.
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