years the headquarters of zinc and lead metallurgical development within the USSR, and from its technical and operating expertise many processes were developed. Among the most famous is the ... Lead Sinter Machine Optional bypass. Lead ISASMELT™ Operations at Ust-Kamenogorsk Proceedings of Pb-Zn 2015 253
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The lead–zinc sintering process (LZSP) is an important step in imperial smelting. This paper presents an intelligent integrated optimization and control system (IIOCS) for the …
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The description presented here applies to the roasting–sintering of lead and zinc sulfide concentrates. ... Hence, the operation of a sinter plant is coupled with the operation of a lead blast furnace. • Sintering machines are quite complex with a hot and dusty environment. 2.3.1.2.1.2 Lead Blast Furnace. The blast furnace is a vertical ...
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nominal composition of this fume is 35% zinc, 11% lead, and 7% cadmium. The collection of sintering fume is not without its prob-lems. One such consideration is the large volume of gas which must be processed. At Josephtown over 1,300,000 cu. ft. STP of sintering machine gases are treated per ton of product zinc produced.
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The lead–zinc sintering process (LZSP) aims at producing sinter with satisfactory permeability, appropriate composition, etc. [1], [2].It features strong nonlinearity and time-varying parameters [3], which make it difficult to build a model of the process for practical use.The burn-through point (BTP) is a key parameter of the LZSP.
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Sinter machine feed can comprise lead concentrate, return sinter fines, fluxes of limestone, silica sand and ironstone, granulated blast furnace slag, zinc plant leach residue, dusts, secondary materials, and coke fines. Feed preparation includes the use of mixing tables and nodulizing drums. Moisture control is critical.
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In existing smelters, cylindrical furnaces vary in area from 15 to 27 square meters, and capacities range from 50,000 to 100,000 tons of zinc and 30,000 to 50,000 tons of lead per annum. The zinc-lead blast furnace has the flexibility to accept a wide range of mixed ores and residues, and zinc can bypass the sinter roasting process. 4.
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The mixture is passed through the sinter machine to remove sulphur. The gas generated from the sintering process is sent to the sulphuric acid plant. ... The Imperial Smelting Furnace (ISF) is designed to simultaneously produce molten zinc and lead by smelting agglomerated Sinter with preheated coke and preheated blast air. Chemical reaction ...
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Primary Lead Processing. The conventional pyrometallurgical primary lead production process consists of four steps: sintering, smelting, drossing, and refining. A feedstock made up mainly of lead concentrate is fed into a sintering machine. Other raw materials may be added, including iron, silica, limestone flux, coke, soda, ash, pyrite, zinc ...
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The average lead content of the material currently mined is approximately 6 percent (USBuMines annual 1991). Antimony and bismuth, as well as copper, zinc, silver and gold are byproducts of lead mining. The process for the production of primary lead from ore consists of five basic stages, namely: ore mining and beneficiation, sintering, smelting,
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Zinc ores typically may contain from 3 to 11 percent zinc, along with cadmium, copper, lead, silver, and iron. Beneficiation, or the concentration of the zinc in the recovered ore, is accomplished ... and zinc are contained in the offgases from both the sintering machine and the retort furnaces. 12.7-4 EMISSION FACTORS (Reformatted 1/95) 10/86 ...
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The charge mixture is subjected to an oxidative roasting process at 1200 °C in a Dwight–Lloyd (DL) sintering machine. The products of this process are zinc–lead sinter and post-reaction gas. The gas is transferred to a sulphuric acid production line while the sinter, ...
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Fig. 1. The lead-zinc sintering process Different kinds of lead-zinc ores are first blended and dried to become mixing dry concentrate. Then the mixing concentrate and returning powder are blended and granulated. The mixture is oxidized and desulfurated in updraft sintering machine to produce agglomerates and SO 2 is sent to prepare sulfuric acid.
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This paper describes a series of investigations conducted on the sinter machine at Sulphide Corporation, to develop such a method. After a number of initial, unsuccessful attempts (which are described), the approach adopted was to infer from bulk gas temperatures (where these could be reliably measured) the temperature profile of the gas leaving the surface of the …
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in zinc smelters: the roasters and (where used) the sintering machines. The sintering machines are used to agglomerate roasted ore so that it can be reduced to the metal by one of the thermal reduction processes.60-80 In the sintering process residual sulfur …
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4) undersized sinter recycled from the roast exiting the sinter machine. The undersized sinter return stream mixes with the other feed components, or green feed, as the two streams enter a rotary pelletizing drum. A water spray into the drum enhances the formation of nodules in which the sinter returns form a core rich in lead oxide and the ...
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Sinter Machine: The updraft sinter machine has an area of 120 sq. m. and 109 pallets each measuring 3 m x 1 m in size. ... the small sized clinkers coming from sinter are melted and lead, silver, zinc copper, etc. are obtained …
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The description presented here applies to the roasting–sintering of lead and zinc sulfide concentrates. ... Hence, the operation of a sinter plant is coupled with the operation of a lead blast furnace. • Sintering machines are quite complex with a hot and dusty environment. 2.3.1.2.1.2 Lead Blast Furnace. The blast furnace is a vertical ...
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The model calculates the temperature profile along the sintering machine, the compositions of the sinter and the exhaust gas. The results of the proposed model were compared with sinter pot experimental trials and a ... of the lead-zinc sintering process. Zhou et al. [8] modelled the iron ore sintering process taking into account the flame ...
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The Harima Smelter, which produces zinc and lead consigned by MS Zinc Co., Ltd, introduced the ISP refining method, an innovative technology to simultaneously produce zinc and lead in ore, developed by Imperial …
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Key words: lead-zinc sintering process; synthetical permeability; burn-through point(BTP); fuzzy expert controller; state- optimization control 1 Introduction The lead-zinc sintering process is an important step of imperial smelting process(ISP). ... (DL) type sintering machine, which was composed of 5 blowers: No.O is igniting blower, No.l and ...
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Sinter Machine: The updraft sinter machine has an area of 120 sq. m. and 109 pallets each measuring 3 m x 1 m in size. ... the small sized clinkers coming from sinter are melted and lead, silver, zinc copper, etc. are obtained in their impure form. These impure metals are then sent to refinery plant in order to obtain the highest purity form ...
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The processing of lead concentrate into metallurgical lead involves 3 major steps: sintering, reduction, and refining. A diagram of a typical facility, with particle and gaseous emission …
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In existing smelters, cylindrical furnaces vary in area from 15 to 27 square meters, and capacities range from 50,000 to 100,000 tons of zinc and 30,000 to 50,000 tons of lead per annum. The zinc-lead blast furnace has the flexibility to accept …
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Ust-Kamenogorsk Metallurgical Complex (UKMC) is a venerable smelting site, which has maintained a leading position in the development and implementation of non-ferrous …
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In lead-zinc sintering process, various kinds of lead-zinc concentrates and returning powder from ineligible sintering production are blended and then sintered in updraft sintering machine to produce agglomerate for imperial smelting process. It is required to determine a proper mixture ratio for these materials blended to assure sintering ...
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This paper reviews the effects of Pb and Zn impurities and their removal in the ironmaking process. The phase changes during ironmaking were investigated, along with the removal techniques of such impurities and their environmental impact. Results show that distribution of Pb–Zn–Fe in Fe ore is complicated, the particles are fine, and the removal of …
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Chanderiya Lead-Zinc Smelter (CLZS) is one of the largest zinc-lead smelting complexes in the world. ... commencing with sintering. Lead and zinc concentrates, combined with bulk concentrates, are blended with secondaries …
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6. Weak gases from the back end of the sinter machine, which are high in lead dust content but typically pass through cyclones and a baghouse; 7. Fugitive emissions from the sinter building, including leaks in the sinter machine and the sinter cake crusher; 8. Gases exiting the top of the blast furnace, which are typically controlled with a ...
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smelting of lead A. G. Matyas and P. J. Mackey Many factors must be considered in the selection of a direct smelting process for lead concentrates. T he lead blast furnace in tandem with a sintering machine has been the mainstay of the lead smelt ing …
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