In order to explore the characteristics and sources of heavy metal pollution in cultivated soil around a red mud yard in Chongqing, the content and spatial distribution characteristics of eight heavy metal elements （Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, As, Cu, and Zn） in the soil were analyzed, and the single factor pollution index method and Nemerow …
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Factory pollution is often thought of as mostly smokestack emissions but can include acidifying rain, chemical spills, greenhouse gases and toxic waste disposal. Industry pollutes water and land as well. Once pollutants enter the atmosphere or the water system, they can spread beyond the factory.
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Numerous researchers have conducted extensive studies on the comprehensive utilization of bauxite residue. Data analysis from Web of Science indicates a rapid increase in the number of publications related to bauxite residue in recent years, with citation frequencies also rising sharply since 2017 (Fig. 1 a), surpassing 20,000 in 2021.This trend suggests that the …
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Red mud is a solid waste of bauxite processing by Bayer process which involves caustic digestion of Al-containing mineral for alumina production. The global inventory of red mud waste reached an estimated amount of 4 billion tons in 2015, increasing at …
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The principal source of aluminum is bauxite which bauxite residue and the deposition and drying process (smelting and refining facilities), i.e. red mud, result in a range of different materials that have the potential to spread pollutant dust under windy conditions (Varnavas & Achilleopoulos, 1995).The refinery "muds" (both red and brown mud) dry to a …
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The slurry red mud received directly from the aluminum industry contains a lot of water and moisture. ... Figure 17b represents aggregates of the globular region within the red mud particles that may be caused by a cluster of rare earth ... The characteristics and genesis discussion of fracture in dry red mud disposal yard. Ind. Const. 2010;40: ...
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Similarly, in January 2018, another disaster occurred in Belem, Brazil. A powerful rain caused red mud storage overflows, contaminating soil and threatening drinking water by high levels of lead and aluminium [55]. The red mud also can be converted into a dry cake as pressure filters reduce its moisture content.
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Red mud pollution, is bauxite residue. It is a toxic byproduct left over when alumina (aluminium oxide) is extracted from its ore, bauxite, in order to produce aluminium metal in the …
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution pattern, pollution status and potential ecological risk of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, As, Cd, Sb, and Pb in soils and dominant plants around an abandoned red mud (RM) slag yard in Southwestern China. Soils exhibited representative enrichment and combination characteristics of these metals compared to the …
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Red mud is a by-product of the aluminum manufacturing industry, with approximately 1–2 tons generated for every ton of Al 2 O 3 produced [1].The annual increase in red mud is 175.5 million tons [2].Additionally, as high-quality bauxite continues to be exploited, the use of lower-grade bauxites in aluminum production has led to a rise in the yearly production …
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1. Introduction. As the second most important metal after steel, aluminum and its alloys are widely used in construction, transportation, electrical appliances, machinery, and other industries due to their excellent properties [].At present, 95% of the world's aluminum companies use the Bayer process to treat bauxite ore in order to produce alumina and then to obtain aluminum metal …
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Red mud is a solid waste residue of the digestion of bauxite ores with caustic soda for alumina production. Its disposal remains a worldwide issue in terms of environmental concerns.
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3.8. Properties of the Red Mud-Based Ceramsite. Preparation of high-strength ceramsite provided a novel method for efficient utilization of ARM. Not only can it reduce secondary pollution caused by ARM emissions, it can also be used as an adsorption material. Mechanical strength is a key indicator that affects its popularization and application ...
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Long-term stability and safety of red mud disposal field is very important for the local residents' life, which necessitates the knowledge of its creep behavior. Through the improved triaxial creep apparatus, a series of triaxial drained creep tests were conducted. The results indicate that the creep behavior of BRM is significant with confining and deviatoric stresses …
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Red mud is a product of the Bayer process during the production of alumina (Hairi et al., 2015).As the temperature and pressure increases, the solubility of red mud decreases with sodium hydroxide (Nie et al., 2016).Its composition depends upon its parent material from which it is produced (Liu and Wu, 2012).It is present in the form of slurry having 10–30% solid materials …
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Red Mud is produced during the Bayer Process. With this process, we can extract the aluminum (oxy)hydroxides from bauxites and get alumina, which eventually can be smelted and give aluminum. Bayer Process . In 1888, …
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disposal method for solid waste.3–6 Red mud con-tains aluminum, iron and titanium resources. Its resource utilization can be divided into two types, manufacturing building materials and recovering iron. Mineral filler and brick are the main building materials manufactured from red mud. Red mud can be utilized as the mineral filler in mineral
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A large amount of Bayer process red mud is discharged in the process of alumina production, which has caused significant pollution in the environment. The pozzolanic activity of Bayer red …
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During alkaline refining of alumina, an alkaline industrial waste residue called red mud is produced. Given its complex composition, large specific surface area, and strong …
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The Bayer red mud (RM) and phosphogypsum (PG) accumulation have caused significant environmental contamination. However, practical and effective resource utilization technologies are still lacking currently. This work aims to develop ferric sulfoaluminate cement (FSAC) employing low-cost materials including Bayer red mud, phosphogypsum, and other …
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Red mud is an environmental burden during the alumina production process. To mitigate the hazards associated with red mud storage, this study investigated the utilization of alkaline red mud as a treatment agent for acidic mine drainage (AMD) with high concentrations of Fe(II) and Mn(II). This study explored the influence of reaction times, addition amounts of red …
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Characterization and Applications of Red Mud, an Aluminum Industry Waste Material, in the Construction and Building Industries, as well as Catalysis. Amin Al-Fakih, ... RM can be used as an efficient active catalyst to synthesize organic molecules and reduce air pollution, which not only makes use of solid waste but also lowers the price of the ...
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A new kind of alkali–slag–red mud cementitious (ASRC) material, with both high early and ultimate strength and excellent resistance against chemical attacks, has been developed by the ...
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Aluminum (Al) is mostly produced from bauxite ore, which contains up to 70% of Al(2)O(3) (alumina). Before alumina is refined to aluminum metal, it is purified by hot alkaline extraction. As a waste by-product red mud is formed. Due to its high alkalinity and large quantities, it represents a severe …
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Red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste pollutant produced in the process of aluminum smelting, which causes great pollution to the regional groundwater environment due to its high content of ...
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In this work, a collaborative strategy for the aluminum and iron industry based on red mud recycling through the hydrometallurgy method was proposed. In this method, Fe3+ and Al3+ were firstly separated from the red mud by using H2SO4 as a leaching agent, which was by-produced from the sintering process of an iron and steel industry. Multiple influence factors on …
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Red mud (abbreviated as RM) is a solid waste formed during the alumina refining process from bauxite. Every year, over 200 million tons of RM are discharged worldwide. China is a large producer of ...
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Red mud (RM), also called bauxite residue, is a strong alkaline industrial waste generated during the alumina production process. The annual production of RM in China is large, but its average utilization rate is low (only 4%). High generation and low consumption make the disposal of RM mainly by stockpiling, which has caused serious heavy metal pollution and …
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Improper management of the pollutants in the atmosphere cause numerous environmental problems. Red mud/bauxite residue is one of the industrial solid wastes generated during the extraction of ...
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The company estimates that the red mud from a single aluminum refinery can lock up 70,000 tons of CO 2 per year, equivalent to taking more than 15,000 cars off the road. Yet these glimmers of progress could fade, …
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