A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the glass substrate, Mo back contact, Cu(In,Ga)S2 or Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber, CdS buffer, and ZnO window layer. We find that hydrogen is present in all layers in concentrations exceeding the solubility of ...
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TE properties of binary and ternary film as a function of Cu 0.98 Zn 0.02 FeS 2 mass: (a) electrical conductivity, (b) carrier concentration, (c) carrier mobility, (d) schematic illustration of ...
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Aluminum-based chalcopyrite materials have attracted attention because of the wide controllability range of their material properties and potential for use in energy-conversion …
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Sodium-containing glass, or the deliberate addition of Na to the growth process, was the key for further controlling film growth and free carrier concentration. These developments were mostly …
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A Review on Sputtered Chalcopyrite and Kesterite Thin Film Solar Cell☆ ... Dependence of the leaching rate of chalcopyrite on the concentration of the ferric ion. The quantitative expression of the effect of temperature for this case is indicated by the Arrhenius plot shown in Fig. 12.5 for the investigated concentrations of 1.0 of, ...
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Alkali elements, specifically sodium (Na), are key materials to enhance the energy conversion efficiencies of chalcopyrite and related thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Recently, the effect of potassium (K) has also attracted attention because elemental K has unique effects different from Na as we …
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Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films are used as absorber layers in chalcopyrite thin film solar cells. As the gallium concentration in the absorber can be used to control the band gap, there have been many efforts to vary the gallium concentration in depth to gain an optimum balance of light absorption, carrier collection, and recombination at different depths of the absorber film, …
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With a record efficiency of 23.64% achieved in the past year, Cu (In, Ga) Se 2 chalcopyrites are the absorbers of choice for thin-film solar cells. In these devices, the p-type chalcopyrite absorber and the n-type window layer …
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Chalcopyrite thin films were produced by flash evaporation. ... In all cases the measured selenium concentration of the films was between 42 and 47%. For boat temperatures necessary to prevent a shift of the Cu to Ga and/or In ratio the layers showed a selenium concentration of typically 42–43 at.%. No significant influence of the substrate ...
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thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite, perovskite, and organic materials can be used to produce portable, flexible, wear- ... concentration via p-doping,[26,27] heavy AMs form a segregated AM-In-Se secondary phase at the grain boundaries and CdS/ CIGS interface, which passivates defects at the grain bounda- ...
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The optimized thin film exhibits a plate-like surface morphology and demonstrates p-type semiconducting behavior with a purity of 93% for the CFS chalcopyrite phase. These …
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Chalcopyrite B and C are n-type chalcopyrite whose carrier concentrations were low (−1.15E+18 and −4.27E+18 ... First real thin-film solar cells based on chalcopyrite-type absorbers were prepared by Kazmerski also using CuInSe 2 /CdS heterojunctions [6].
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A decrease in the alkali metal concentration in CIAS films with increasing Al concentration is observed, indicating that the formation energy of alkali-metal substitutional defects on the Cu site is high, and/or Al-related complex defects formed are kinetically stable and difficult to replace with alkali metals once they form.
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A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the glass substrate, Mo back contact, Cu(In,Ga)S2 or Cu(In,Ga)Se2 absorber, CdS buffer, and ZnO window layer. We find that hydrogen is present in all layers in …
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This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 films, and show that the introduction of gallium in the films is now becoming possible from single bath containing all the elements. Electrodeposition can also be …
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It was found that Zr and W co-doping of VO2 thin films with ~ 0.3 at% Zr and ~ 0.95 at% W concentration improves luminous transmittance to about 48.4% compared to 40.5 and 26.2% for pristine VO2 ...
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Chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S) 2 material system has been extensively investigated for solar cell applications since its parent material CuInSe 2 (CIS) was first synthesized in 1953 [1], [2].Their adjustable direct bandgap and high absorption coefficient make the chalcopyrites ideal absorber materials for thin film solar cells [2], [3], and power conversion efficiencies of ~ 15% …
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1. Introduction. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) is the most important copper ore, comprising approximately 70% of copper reserves in the world [1,2].In metallurgical applications, chalcopyrite is mainly subjected to pyrometallurgy treatment after concentration by a flotation process [3,4].The interest in bio-hydrometallurgy has increased recently in order to minimize the sulfur dioxide …
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Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2) is economically the most important Cu-sulfide mineral in the world, and unlike many other sulfide minerals, it is known to be recalcitrant in hydrometallurgical processing (Bobadilla-Fazzini et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014).In recent years, due to depleting high-grade copper resources, the processing of chalcopyrite-based primary low-grade ores …
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passivating film on the surface [3, 11-16]. Despite this, the nature of this film remains unknown, although it has been postulated that it must have low porosity and be a bad electricity conductor (Córdoba et al., 2008a). Various models were describing the mass transfer diffusion and chemical reactions on the chalcopyrite surface.
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The single phase chalcopyrite structure might be formed in the Cu-rich films if one assumes the presence of a very high concentration of Cux, antisite defects. It was revealed by electron probe microanalysis that the Cu/In ratio of a sulfide film is larger than that of the metallic precursor: after sulfurization, the latter value between 0.75 ...
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A thin-film solar cell based on a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) absorber layer deposited by pulsed laser deposition has been fabricated with an Al:ZnO (n-type) window layer and a CdS …
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A survey of the hydrogen concentration distribution in the various layers of chalcopyrite solar cells is presented. Depth profiles were measured by the nuclear reaction analysis method for the ...
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This paper reviews the state of the art in using electrodeposition to prepare chalcopyrite absorber layers in thin film solar cells. Most of the studies deal with the direct preparation of …
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Hydrophilic films can be formed on chalcopyrite surface to cover the surface, making surface hydrophilic. ... The adsorption concentration of DMSA on chalcopyrite is 0.29 mg/g, which is much higher than that on molybdenite (0.05 mg/g) after adding 46.67 mg/L of DMSA. In addition, the quantum chemistry results show that the frontier orbital ...
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Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS)-based solar cells have received worldwide attention for solar power generation. CIGS solar cells based on chalcopyrite quaternary semiconductor CuIn 1-x GaxSe 2 are one of the leading thin-film photovoltaic technologies owing to highly beneficial properties of its absorber, such as tuneable direct band gap (1.0–1.7 eV), …
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Based on the obtained microphotographs and EDX mappings presented in Figure 5, as well as the influence of increased initial concentrations of sulfuric acid and iron ions on the chalcopyrite dissolution degree, we can conclude that during low-temperature pressure oxidation, the surface is passivated by an elemental sulfur film, thereby limiting ...
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A mixed mineral flotation test was conducted by manually mixing 1 g of chalcopyrite and galena and subjecting it to flotation testing at a pH of 8, TP concentration of 0 or 4 × 10 –4 mol/L, and SIX concentration at 4 × 10 –4 mol/L to evaluate the depressant ability of TP on galena during mixed flotation tests.
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Chalcopyrite thin-film tandem solar cells with 1.5 V open-circuit-voltage. 2006 IEEE 4th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conference 7–12 May 2006 ... What is the dopant concentration in polycrystalline thin film absorbers? Thin Solid Films (2016), 10.1016/j.tsf.2016.09.038.
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In this article, high VOC and high FF values of wide-gap chalcopyrite CuGaSe 2 thin-film solar cells are simultaneously demonstrated using an aluminum-induced back-surface field effect.
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