2.1 Materials and reagents. All the reagents used in the experiment, such as sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4), nitric acid (HNO 3), copper sulfate (CuSO 4), sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 SO 3), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), were analytically pure, and the water used in the whole experiment was deionized water with the electrical resistivity of 18.5 MΩ*cm.. The refractory …
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Project TORCO is the code name given by Anglo American Corporation of South Africa Limited, to the investigation which was undertaken in Zambia to develop a plant capable of treating large tonnages of copper-bearing ores by the segregation process.
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The segregation process has been known for many years and applied industrially for the treatment of various refractory copper ores. The principles of the process are briefly reviewed; the process was tested in the laboratory on two copper-cobalt oxide ores from Gecamines, Shaba Province, Zaire. Various parameters of the process, such as segregation temperature, dosage …
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E. B. Leaver and J. A. Woolf of the U.S. Bureau of Mines described a number of experiments on California carbonaceous ores in T.P. 481, 1924, and some of their further work on the same subject was published in R.I. 2998, U.S.B. of M., 1930. Cyanidation and concentration of gold and silver ores. List Gold Refractory Process Methods
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However, the treatment of so-called refractory gold ores using cyanidation is problematic and new solutions are needed due to the constant depletion of easy-to-treat gold ores [1,3]. ...
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Buy Treatment of Au-Cu refractory ores using SART Technology: Design of a 40 cbm/hr copper recovery plant for a gold mine with Au-Cu bearing refractory ores on Amazon FREE SHIPPING on qualified orders ... Copper grade of Athens gold mine was found to be 1100g/t after a series of metallurgical test-works performed. Process design proves that ...
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This may be an alternative treatment route for gold room applications where fine gold losses can occur when treating gravity concentrates with pyrite and copper sulphides present. Floating gold from the sulphides could produce a directly smeltable product. Copper sulphides are selectively floated from pyrite ores at high pH's in excess of 11.
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Oxidizing-roasting of the ore at a temperature of 800°C results in the formation of copper oxides. By segregating the ore thus oxidized with the addition of 1% NaCl and 1.5% …
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copper–gold ores: A dithiophosphate collector at an alkaline pH must be used (controlled by lime or soda ash if the pyrite content in the ore is low). Oxide copper–gold ores: ... which can be accomplished by applying pre-treatments to the refractory ores/concentrates prior to leaching. Some refractory gold ores present unique challenges ...
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Typically, gold is encapsulated or finely disseminated in refractory gold ores and the direct cyanidation is not effective for gold extraction from these ores, even after the ore is ground to exceeding small particles (Nazari, 2017, Corrans and Angove, 1991).Especially for sulfide refractory gold ores, in order to recover gold, many oxidation pretreatment technologies were …
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Oxidized copper ores are exhibiting increasingly their importance as copper resources as worldwide high grade copper sulfide deposits become depleted. Extensive …
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Treatment of oxidized copper ores with emphasis on refractory ores Author TONG DENG; JIAYONG CHEN Acad. sinica, inst. chemical metallurgy, Beijing 100080, China Source. Mineral processing and extractive metallurgy review. 1991, Vol 7, Num 3-4, pp 175-207, 33 p ; ref : 201 ref
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The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), major gold carriers in refractory gold ores, however, hinder gold extraction due to the high consumption of a lixiviant. ... Treatment of a refractory gold-copper ...
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Chloride and thiosulfate may find their uses in the treatment of refractory ores, however, such as complex copper ores (Dreisinger Citation 2005; Zhang and Senanayake Citation 2016), or carbonaceous preg-robbing ores in …
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In a paper on treatment methods for refractory gold-bearing ores (Iglesias and Carranza 1994), bioleaching is mentioned as a pre-treatment based on the action of bacteria (mainly Thiobacillus ...
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In this regard, nitric acid can be also used to readily destroy the gold-bearing phases such as pyrite and arsenopyrite and recalcitrant silver sulphides in refractory gold and silver ores ...
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In refractory gold-bearing concentrates, the gold metal is generally contaminated and encapsulated either in a sulfide matrix or in quartz, while the efficiency of the extraction of gold is low due to the structural/chemical characteristics of the concentrates itself [].Refractory concentrates, which have gold in the form of fine inclusions in sulfides, contain 30% of the …
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Demonstration of economic treatment options allows gold companies to maintain and increase their ... options for treating more complex orebodies as the less refractory ores become depleted. ... (and Luzonite) is a common copper-arsenic mineral that can be a significant gold carrier. Other less common are chalcopyrite and other sulphides and ...
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Acid heap leaching has been extensively applied to the processing of copper oxide ores, with recovery of copper by solvent extraction and electrowinning.
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Herein, to improve the leaching rate of copper, an enhanced leaching test of refractory copper oxide ore from Luanshya was conducted using CaF 2 as a leaching aid. The effects of the sulfuric acid dosage, CaF 2 dosage, time, and temperature on leaching were also studied. The CaF 2-enhanced leaching of cupriferous biotite and phlogopite was theoretically …
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Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide …
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The nanosecond HPEMP treatment showed promising results in the treatment of gold refractory ores due to high efficiency and selectivity in the disintegration of mineral complexes. ... Flotation behaviour of gold during processing of porphyry copper-gold ores and refractory gold bearing sulfides. Minerals Engineering 10: 895–908.
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Pre-treatment: Refractory ores are often pre-treated to make the copper and gold more accessible to leaching. ... Here are ten literature references related to processing refractory copper and ...
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Copper–gold ores form a type of refractory gold ore. Large quantities of this ore type are available for processing. Cyanide treatment of ores with a high cyanide soluble copper to gold ratio is unfavourable due to high cyanide consumption resulting from the formation of copper–cyanide complexes.
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Outotec can deliver the 3 main oxidative processes for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates – BIOX, pressure oxidation, and roasting – and also supply equipment for ultra-fine grinding as a fourth, non-oxidative treatment option. ... For refractory ores, oxygen enrichment is an effective way to reduce process gas volume ...
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Activox® is a hydrometallurgical process used to oxidise sulphide concentrates. The process is based on two relatively simple, established unit operations; i.e. fine or ultra-fine …
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Refractory gold evaluation testwork services. Refractory gold ores generally contain sulphide minerals, and as such, a primary flotation stage is the obvious choice to concentrate the sulphides into a smaller mass for downstream pre-treatment prior to …
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Since early 2001, Kalgoorlie Consolidated Gold Mines (KCGM) has successfully operated an ultra fine grinding (UFG) circuit to supplement its roaster capacity for the treatment of the refractory gold flotation concentrate. A second UFG mill was installed in 2002 taking the total UFG capacity to over 20tph while grinding to 11-12 microns and achieving over 90% gold recovery. A …
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The treatment of refractory copper ores by the segregation process— E. T. Pinkney and N. Plint 41 In treating calcitic and dolomitic ores, the first question is the possibility of the formation of …
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