Mineral waste can be defined as a material leftover from exploration, mining and quarrying operation that cannot find a productive use. It is the high-volume material that originates from the excavation and physical and chemical processing of a wide range of metalliferous and non-metalliferous minerals by opencast and deep shaft methods [].The mine waste is the …
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The aim of this work is to develop a non-waste production technology for the complex processing of waste chrome ore gravity concentrations by chemical enrichment …
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Chromite overburden (COB) is a mine waste generated in chromite ore processing, and it mainly consists of iron, chromium, and nickel (<1wt%). In the present work, the …
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In the paper are shown the history, processing and applications of chromite. Chromite is an oxide of iron and chromium with the chemical composition FeO.Cr2O3 and belonging to the spinel group.
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Prolonged development of ore deposits, ore beneficiation and metallurgical smelting of concentrates result in the accumulation of wastes, forming large-scale dumps and sludge ponds negatively affecting the environment and human health. The creation and introduction of industrial waste treatment technologies will make it possible to dispose of them …
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Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a waste byproduct of chromate production that contains high levels of hexavalent chromium (Cr [VI]). Although the high temperature chromite...
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The majority of ferrochrome (FeCr) is produced through the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore. In recent years, FeCr producers have been pressured to curve carbon emissions, necessitating the exploration of alternative smelting methods. The use of hydrogen as a chromite reductant only yields water as a by-product, preventing the formation of carbon monoxide (CO) …
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The efficient extraction and processing of chromite ore into usable chrome products require specialized equipment and procedures. +86 ... wastewater, and solid waste on the surrounding environment. 02 Plant ... By-products from the smelting process can sometimes be repurposed for other industries, such as construction. 04 ...
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In the present study, the tailings generated from a chromite ore beneficiary plant in India were investigated through a pyro-metallurgical route. The initial characterization confirmed the presence of nickel (0.5–0.9% Ni) in the ore, which led to the interest in smelting the ore to obtain nickel in the metal.
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Rock containing chromite ore Mining Method Extraction of the Chromite Ore Both surface and underground mining methods will be used to mine the chromite. Mining produces both ore and waste rock. Waste rock consists of all other non-chromite bearing rock excavated during mining. Surface Mining Chromite ore is mined by surface methods.
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Ferrochrome Smelting in Zimbabwe Chromite ore output Million mt Chromite ore reserve 2007 mt % Rank mt % Rank South Africa 5,500 72.4 1 8.7 39.9 1 Zimbabwe 930 12.2 2 0.9 4.1 6 4 Kazakhstan 320 4.2 3 3.8 17.4 2 Finland 120 1.6 4 0.6 2.8 7 India 67 0.9 5 3.3 15.1 3 Turkey 20 0.3 6 1.3 6.0 5 Brazil 17 0.2 7 0.6 2.8 8 Others 626 8.2 8 2.6 11.9 4 ...
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other miscellaneous uses (12 percent).2 Exhibit 1 summarizes the producers of chromium products in 1992. Only a small amount of the chromite is ... Ferrochromium is made by smelting chromite ore in an electric arc furnace with flux materials (quartz, ... Processing, Volume II, Office of Solid Waste, July 1990, p. 4-2. 17 Processing of either ...
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The concept of Pd recycling is to extract Pd from the waste materials such as spent catalysts, [7] automotive catalytic converters, [8] waste electronics [9] and used nuclear fuel. ...
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SA is estimated to hold ≈75% of the world's economically viable chromite ore reserves. ... it is essential to identify the optimal H 2 CH 4 ratio for optimal smelting operations. The by-products formed in Reaction react according to ... This process involves crushing and grinding the slag to separate the valuable FeCr from the waste material. ...
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt ...
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Both host rock is serpentinite and talc-carbonate rock. Idiomorphic chromite is the only ore mineral appearing in economic quantities. The average content of the ore is 26% Cr 2 O 3 and the Cr/Fe ratio is 1.55. The Kemi chromium mine is an open-pit mine with a waste rock to ore ratio of 5.5:1.
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In this present study, a techno-economic approach was employed to investigate the enhancement of the chromium-to-iron (Cr/Fe) ratio of chromite ore, utilizing magnetizing roasting via both conventional and microwave heating sources. The primary objective was to selectively remove iron (Fe) from chromite spinel, thereby increasing the magnetic susceptibility of iron …
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The aim of this work is to develop crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy by smelting process of waste chromite ore fines using plasma smelting route. The subject of this work is to study the effect of plasma …
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Ferrochromium is made by smelting chromite ore in an electric arc furnace with flux materials (quartz, dolomite, limestone, and aluminosilicates) and a carbonaceo us reductant (wood …
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Smelting: Once the chromite ore is concentrated, it is then smelted to produce ferrochrome, which is a key alloying element in the production of stainless steel. Smelting involves the reduction of chromite ore in the presence of a carbonaceous material (such as coal or coke) in a submerged electric arc furnace or a blast furnace. The high ...
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Ferrochrome production is a high energy intensive process consuming around 3000 to 3500 kWh/t of electrical energy. Ferrochrome is produced by smelting of different grades of chromite ore with ...
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Chromite constitutes a mere 3.72% of the ore sample, yet it is enriched with a 63.40% chromium content. Consequently, on the basis of determining the granularity and liberation characteristics of chromite and the occurrence state of chromium, we predicted that the recovery rate could reach 39.47%, constituting a feasible value for chromium ...
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Ferrous waste by-products from the metallurgical industry have a high potential for valorization in the context of the circular economy, and can be converted to value-added products used in environmental remediation. ... 12, 534. …
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt (metal pool 1 kg) was prepared in a 3--capacity laboratory-scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium, nickel, etc., under hydrogen and nitrogen …
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Chromite Ore Smelting Waste Products Production Smelting Technologies for Ferrochromium R.P. GOEL. l Laboratory, Jamshedpur - 831 007, IndiaABSTRACTThe conventional process for producing high carbon ferrochromium by smelting chromite ore in a submerged arc furnace is reviewed and its limitations highlighted with regard to (a) product quality ...
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Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the ...
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In current research work, authors have tried to smelt the mixture of low-grade chromite ore and sub-grade manganese ore, dumped as waste, with carbon. The process is …
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DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2021.128046 Corpus ID: 237661381; Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore Processing Tailings by carbothermic smelting @article{Kumar2021EfficientUO, title={Efficient utilization of nickel rich Chromite Ore Processing Tailings by carbothermic smelting}, author={Pankaj Kumar and Sova Patra and Sunil Kumar …
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study.
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