At 700 °C, the volatilization rate of antimony sulfide and lead sulfide is 0.455 g/cm²/min and 0.009 g/cm²/min, respectively. ... The separation of lead and antimony via two methods, namely ...
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The traditional treatment method of antimony minerals is the smoke method [8,9]; this is because antimony–gold ore contains gold and other minerals, ... Process flow chart of electrodeposited antimony sulfide volatilization and enrichment of gold. The experimental device was a dual-temperature-zone tube furnace, produced by
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A low-temperature and sulfur-fixing smelting process was applied to separate antimony from stibnite. The results show that the direct recovery rate of Sb is 90% (mass fraction), and the grade of ...
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Antimony(V) is volatilized by reaction with potassium bromide in concentrated sulfuric acid media. After volatilization, the gases can be transported to an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer for atomic emission of antimony and its analytical determination. The influent factors, concentrated sulfuric acid volume, concentration and volume of the potassium bromide …
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High purity antimony trisulfide has been widely used in the photovoltaic field. A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in this study. Impurity arsenic was volatilized into the gas phase, and antimony and other impurities were retained in the residue …
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Volatilization smelting of antimony. sulfide flotation concentrate in blast furnace. Summary Test Report. Yong-Fu, X., Wei-Tao, Z., 1981. ... Methods. In this research, a preliminary study was ...
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The addition of carbon caused mainly volatilization, with some reduction, of Sb2O3 and reduction of Bi2O3 to occur at nearly the same temperature, approximately 600 °C. However, volatilization of Bi was not …
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Methods of reducing melting and sulfide-alkaline leaching of antimony sulfide concentrates to obtain metallic antimony and antimony xide are discussed, and methods of refining …
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Antimony is classified as a critical/strategic metal. Its primary production is predominated by China via pyrometallurgical routes such as volatilization roasting—reduction smelting or direct reduction smelting. The performance of most of the pyro-processes is very sensitive to concentrate type and grade. Therefore, technology selection for a greenfield plant …
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The objectives of this work are: (i) to examine the thermal behaviors of antimony and arsenic oxides under various roasting conditions; (ii) to elucidate the significant influence …
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However, the volatilization of the main metal antimony was also reduced by approximately 80 % because the generated Al-As compound covered the volatilization surface of the melt. Herein, vacuum distillation theories such as saturation vapor pressure, the theoretical maximum volatilization rate of antimony and some impurities, the mean free path ...
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In a word, if the volatilization degrees can be reached the above volatilization degrees, η removal and η residual are both higher than 60 %, which the productive rate of purified Sb matrix metal is relatively acceptable in the actual production process. Therefore, the volatilization degrees of 36.50 %, 35.95 %, and 38.44 % are the optimal ...
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Normally, the smelting methods of antimony ores can be divided into two categories: pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy. Pyrometallurgy smelting of antimony is mainly by volatilization of roasting-reduction, while sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid leaching system are the main methods in hydrometallurgy.
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Antimony sulfide is susceptible to volatilization and oxidation, so it can be used to produce crude antimony xide at a temperature above 1,200 °C. The powdery crude …
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Herein, a novel mathematical and statistical method is applied to the kinetic study of vacuum gasification of noble-antimony alloys. The evaporation rates of pure and noble antimony in a unit time at 823–1023 K and 5–600 Pa are determined using a vacuum differential gravimetric furnace, and their respective evaporation mechanisms under vacuum are analyzed in detail in …
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Fig. 4. As volatilization proceeds rapidly as the temperature increases and at 700°C, volatilization rate of As was reached over 95%, while Sb was not volatilized. It implies that volatilization of As is more quickly than Sb. However, the vast majority of As (>99%) was volatilized above 800°C, Sb volatilization was occurred together with As ...
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Validation and deployment of a quantitative trapping method to measure volatile antimony emissions ... Microbial-mediated Sb volatilization is a poorly understood part of the Sb biogeochemical cycle. This is mostly due to a lack of laboratory and field-deployable methods that are capable of quantifying low-level emissions of Sb from diffuse ...
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The current processes for producing high-purity antimony include electrolytic refining, chlorination-distillation-reduction, straight-pull purification, and regional smelting [10].Among these processes, the electrolytic refining method can produce 4 N antimony; however, electrolysis conditions are harsh, and the process produces the highly toxic gases AsH 3 and …
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This paper proposes vacuum distillation as a technical method for preparing antimony sulfide from heterogeneous antimony sulfide ores. The volatilization rate of antimony sulfide was measured at 5 Pa pressure. Temperature and time effects on antimony sulfide enrichment were discussed. The results highlighted that the critical volatilization ...
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1 Introduction. Toxic gases resulting from the biological volatilization of group Vb elements (phosphorus, arsenic and antimony) have been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) [].Antimony, the element attracting most attention, is present primarily as a fire retardant in PVC used to make mattress covers [2, 3].Also, it has been suggested that …
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Straight well stove volatilization roasting method is to be fuel with the coke, is raw material with the antimony sulfide, utilizes the easy volatile of antimony, and volatile substances such as antimony, arsenic, lead are become gaseous state, enters cooling, dust collecting system with furnace gas, thereby realizes separating the stibium xide that obtains purifying with …
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The decomposition behavior of jamesonite (Pb 4 FeSb 6 S 14) in argon and 10 Pa, the volatilization of pure sulfides and the vacuum distillation behavior of jamesonite under 10 Pa were also studied. The separation of lead and antimony via two methods, namely multi-step condensation and one-step multi-stage condensation was developed.
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In the second approach, or continuous methods, antimony samples are submitted to procedures without physical separation of sample fractions. These methodologies have an advantage over discontinuous methods because the possible risks of loss and/or contamination are avoided. ... This method demonstrated that the chemical volatilization of ...
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The production process of antimony produces a large amount of solid waste, such as waste rock in mining, tailings in the beneficiation, metallurgical slag in the smelting, and so on. At present, most of these solid wastes are currently in storage, and the storage of a large amount of solid wastes is not only harmful to the local ecological environment but also a waste of …
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Electrodeposited antimony can be treated with sulfuration–volatilization technology, which causes antimony to volatilize in the form of antimony sulfide. During this process, gold is enriched in the residue, …
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However, in the presence of oxygen, antimony can be volatilized efficiently as valentinite (Sb2O3) at low oxygen concentrations (approximately 1 to 5pct) at approximately 1173K to 1223K (900°C to ...
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Microbial-mediated Sb volatilization is a poorly understood part of the Sb biogeochemical cycle. This is mostly due to a lack of laboratory and field-deployable methods that are capable of ...
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A new clean process for preparing high purity antimony trisulfide directly from antimony ore by a two-step vacuum distillation method at low temperature was proposed in …
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The primary step in antimony extraction is roasting stibnite ore to produce antimony xide (Sb₂O₃), followed by reduction using carbon or iron. Refinement can involve volatilization or electrolysis. For higher-purity antimony, …
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Although these methods result in high purity, ... The effect of pressure (0.1–200 Pa) on efficiency of arsenic volatilization and antimony removal is shown in Fig. 12. Argon was introduced to control the system pressure. It can be seen that the condensation zone is 45 cm long; the temperatures at the 0 and 40 cm positions are 748 K and 334 K ...
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