Sublevel caving (SLC) is a mass mining method in which the ore is drilled and blasted while the waste rock caves and fills the space created by the extraction of ore (Cokayne 1982). ... The ore body is divided into vertical intervals called sublevel intervals. The ore within each sublevel interval is drilled in a fan-shaped design at a constant ...
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Sublevel caving is one of the main underground mining methods for hard rock mining and there are limited studies about its long-term production scheduling. In this paper, an integer linear programming (IP) model with the objective of net present value (NPV) maximization is developed for production scheduling that is suited for sublevel caving ...
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The findings of this study can further the goal of green and efficient mining, and provide a theoretical reference for the popularization and application of pillarless sublevel caving with large ...
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Block caving is a large-scale mining method that is particularly useful for mining low-grade or disseminated ore bodies which are at too great a depth to be exploited through open-cast mining. This mining technique gets its name from the layout of the mine which divides the ore into large sections or 'blocks'.
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Sublevel stoping is one of the most common and large-scale mining methods, which can be implemented in steeply dipping orebodies by creating large open stopes in a vertical direction. This method is appropriate for deposits with competent ore and host rock.
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What refers to the development openings in the room and pillar method? In open ending the drilling pattern is vertical, whereas, in vertical crater retreat it is horizontal. ? Give one key …
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Sublevel caving is a mass mining method based on utilizing the gravity flow of the blasted ore and caved waste rock. ... and k is the ratio between the horizontal and vertical in situ stresses (k max = 1.5 and k min = 1.2). The magnitudes of the maximum and minimum in situ principal stresses in the model were estimated to be 21.81 MPa and 20.36 ...
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The induced caving method, proposed by Chinese scholars, is a new mining method that organically combines the natural caving method with the non-pillar sublevel caving method. It is characterized by continuous excavation of induction to induce the natural caving of upper ore-rock, which will be subsequently released in one to two sublevels of ...
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12. (1)Room-and-pillar mining method: • Room-and-pillar mining is very old method applied to horizontal or nearly horizontal deposits that has been adopted and refined over the years. The method is used in both coal and non coal mining. • In room-and-pillar mining openings are driven orthogonally and at regular intervals in a mineral deposit,forming rectangular and …
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Under proper conditions, this underground method can rival economically surface mining! It can do so because it is a bulk or high-volume mining method. But it is not a selective method. In the caving and drawing process, you take everything; and therefore this is not a viable method for following rich mineralized zones, for example.
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The pillarless sublevel caving is one of major mining methods in underground mine at home and abroad. As for the equipment constraint of rock drilling and blasting, the sublevel caving with small ...
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This mining method is a large-scale mining method. It allows for massive volumes of rock extraction efficiently. Regarding this mining method, the development time required before production starts is longer than other mining methods. Miners create the gap between the rock mass to draw the first pieces of rock in the lower part of the orebody.
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Among the currently used methods for moderately dipping medium-thick orebody mining, the room and pillar mining method accounts for 55% of cases, whereas the inclined drawpoint in footwall method of block caving [8], and the cut and fill method, account for approximately 18% and 24% of the cases [9], [10], respectively.Issues of low production …
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What type of mining method involves the overburden being cast directly into the adjacent mined-out panels? ... Give 2 differences between the room and pillar and stope and pillar mining methods. Entry. What refers to the development openings in the room and pillar method? In open ending the drilling pattern is vertical, whereas, in vertical ...
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A modern and important variant of this method is known as vertical crater retreat (VCR) mining. A few examples of commodities mined by this method include iron and palladium. This type of …
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Sublevel Caving. Sublevel caving is a mass mining method used for large-scale underground operations. It involves undermining the ore body and allowing the overlying rock to collapse into the void left behind. How it works. Ore is blasted from sublevels created below the ore body. Once the ore is removed, the rock above collapses into the empty ...
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Although the general geometry is the same as for the room-and-pillar method, the generic name given the system is sublevel stoping. Blasthole stoping, vertical crater retreat, and vein mining …
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sublevel caving mines AD Campbell Beck Engineering Pty Ltd, Australia Abstract Sublevel caving (SLC) has previously been regarded as a high dilution and low recovery mining method requiring specific orebody geometry and rock mass conditions to be successful. Progress in the past 20 years at numerous operations has broken this misconception.
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Vertical Crater Retreat 2. Shrinkage stoping 3. Cut and Fill stoping 4. Tumbered stoping (square sets, stulls) Un-supported. Caving 1. Block caving 2. Sublevel caving 3. Longwall mining. Room and Pillar. Mining method. Describe room and pillar.
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Much of the theory upon which the Sublevel Caving (SLC) method is based was developed in Scandinavia many years ago. It was based mainly on bin' theory and ellipsoid of draw' configurations derived from sandbox models. In many cases, classical SLC layouts influenced by these early theories obtained relatively poor results. Early dilution entry, low tonnage factors …
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There are a number of variations on blasthole stoping. In sublevel stoping, shorter blastholes are drilled from sublevels located at shorter vertical intervals along the vertical stope. A fairly typical layout is shown in the figure.In vertical retreat mining the stope does not take the shape of a vertical slot. Instead, the trough serves as a horizontal slot, and only short lengths …
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Sublevel caving: unearthing new opportunities . The known resource base for base metals is increasingly comprised of large scale, low-grade deposits, situated at increasing depths where underground cave 1 mining methods are the only viable means of economic extraction.. In the spectrum of underground mining methods, caving methods are the lowest cost and most …
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In this mining method, the ore is excavated in open stopes, retreating from one end of the stope toward the other. ... and hand filling; sublevel back stoping; sublevel method; sublevel slicing system; substoping. ... the latter separated by comparable distances. Vertical pillars may be left between stopes on the same level, and horizontal ones ...
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While block and sublevel caving are essentially vertically advancing metal mining methods, longwall mining is applied to relatively thin and flat-lying deposits – most often coal, but …
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The layout of ore blocks and extracting technology are generally similar to that of sublevel caving method with sill pillar and external force of drilling blasting is required for caving. The method belongs to one-step mining, which is characterized by caving at one time in the whole stage height without sublevels.
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Slope failure induced by sublevel caving mining is a progressive process, resulting in the large deformation and displacement of rock masses in the slope.
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Sublevel Caving. This method, otherwise referred to as sublevel drifts and back, caving, or sublevel slicing, resembles top slicing in that the orebody is worked from the top down, and the ore is taken out in horizontal slices. ... This is an extreme of combination stoping in which the working face of the stope is vertical. The face is parallel ...
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DLSOS mining method which is different from caving mining method (sublevel caving or block caving), belongs to open stope mining method. Its mining sequence is from bottom to top. Because the blast ore is mined under the protection of the top pillar, the blast muck is not affected by the volume weight of overlying strata, and the stress will ...
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The sublevel shrinkage method is a variant of sublevel caving and shrinkage stooping to developed to reduce a. drawbacks due to mechanization of operation b. drawbacks due to mining at depth c. drawbacks in sublevel caving such as stability problem as mining goes deeper and minimizing dilution d. drawbacks in shrinkage stooping such as dilution
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Sublevel caving method with sill pillar is the mining process in which a level is divided into several sublevels, a bottom structure specifically used for ore removal is furnished …
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