Most common applications of explosive include fragmentation of geo-material to extract minerals in open-cast and deep underground mining, large earth excavation for …
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Basic concept: Ex n consists of several sub types of protection. In most cases being simplified versions of existing types of protection: Basic design is: safety by either limitation of radiation …
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This Safety Guide is aimed at regulatory bodies, operators of mines and mineral processing facilities, health and safety committees, workers and their representatives, and health and safety professionals. More Information on …
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Various methods of blasting have been incorporated in mining, such as: 1. Surface Blasting: Applied in open-pit mining, surface blasting ensures the effective fragmentation of large rock masses. Controlled Blasting: This method minimizes damage to surrounding areas using precise timing and reduced explosive charges. It is often used near ...
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Unless all mines are forced to comply with the safety codes of the Federal Bureau of Mines, the mining industry will continue to be a mortician's paradise." Exactly two months later, on Feb. 21, 1952, testified before …
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New Orient Mine No. 2 at West Frankfort on Dec. 21, 1951, after a methane explosion 500 feet below the surface. More than half of the 200 men working that night at the Chicago, Wilmington and ...
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people worked in mining. The demand for more coal also encouraged the production of more efficient machines and methods of mining. The first machines used in mining were steam-powered engines designed to pump water out of mines. As mines became deeper, and more coal was dug out, steam winding engines were used to transport people and
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In this article we will discuss about the types of drilling methods used in mining. The types are: 1. Percussive Drilling 2. Rotary Drilling. Method # 1. Percussive Drilling: In this method which is the oldest one of drilling, the hole is drilled by striking a number at short in intervals on the rock by a chisel-type tool and between the blows the tool is rotated slightly. The rock is chipped ...
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The MEC study for coal from Indonesia has been conducted on lignite coal (Widodo et al., 2019) and subbituminous coal (Azwar, 2019) for average an particle size of 63.5 µm, which indicates that the MEC of lignite is 225 g/m 3 on 10 kJ ignitor energy, and MEC of subbituminous coal is 160 g/m 3.However, the MEC value for subbituminous coal rank with different particle …
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Containment Methods The containment method is used to contain an explosion within the equipment enclosure. Thus, sparks or flames will not leak into the hazardous atmosphere and cause another fire or explosion. Containment is often used with spark-producing parts, such as switch gears, control boards, or transformers.
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Methods of Mining. There are a number of methods of mining used world-wide. Reference has been made to most of them already, but a brief description might be helpful. In the early days when a shaft had been sunk, coal from the best seam was mined out at the time by bord and pillar methods, returning to the shaft by a process of pillar extraction.
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Each mining method also has varying degrees of impact on the surrounding landscape and environment. Learn More. Metal Mining and the Environment (Booklet), American Geosciences Institute Provides basic information about the mining cycle, from exploration for economic mineral deposits to mine closure. The booklet discusses the environmental ...
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The auger highwall mining method is an effective meth- od to recover coal from a reserve when removal of the overburden by surface mining equipment becomes uneco- nomical. In this …
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7. Basis of Sampling For the analytical results obtained to have any validity or meaning it is essential that appropriate sampling procedures be adopted. Thus sampling methods have 3 main groups. Those in which all the material is examined. Causal sampling on ad-hoc basis. Methods in which portions of the material are selected based on upon statistical properties.
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• The plant had been located central to the mine lease for security reasons • No bunding was in place around the plant to deflect an explosion. • No method of remote application of water or fire suppression was in place to quench the fire after the first explosion. • The people evacuated from site were those in administration who were
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Restricting oxygen to the tailings by permanently placing them underwater will prevent oxidation and minimise the environmental problems associated with Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) (figure 3). With this in mind, the offshore disposal of tailings to natural water bodies is appealing but the actual overall environmental consequences of this ...
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An overview of various prediction methods developed over the years based on dimensional analysis and theory of similarity to estimate crater dimensions and magnitude of ground shock and ground motion along with their limitations is presented. Prediction models used to define and optimise rock fragmentation distribution in surface mining ...
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Explosive mixtures will always occur in gassy mines but this does not mean explosions must happen. In designing gas control measures, apply factors of safety large enough to …
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method involves stripping the developed square pillars on four-sides on retreat to leave a load-bearing remnant coal pillar. The system of partial extracti on has been successful in delivering safety, productivity and subsidence targets. INTRODUCTION Tasman Mine is an underground bord and pillar mine owned and operated by the Donaldson Coal Pty Ltd
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The gas analysis method a common approach used in coal mines underground. It identifies the initiation and development of coal self-ignition on appearance or concentration change of some gaseous products in coal oxidation [18], [19].Adamus et al. [20] studied the generation process of index gas in coal spontaneous combustion. The study results revealed a …
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Rescue workers pull a miner worker from the Orient No. 2 coal mine in West Frankfort, Ill., Dec. 22, 1951, following an underground methane explosion.
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"A distant boom," then the ground moved. An Inside Climate News review of state and federal mining records confirms that Griffice's home is located over a proposed expansion of an underground longwall mine—in which bladed machines shear off slices of coal along vast expanses—operated by Crimson Oak Grove Resources, LLC, one of the defendants listed in …
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The structural response of the TNT equivalency method was close to that of the TNO multienergy method with the influence of the blast wave shape in Scenario 1. This work points out the applicable characteristics of each load model, which can provide some suggestions for the blast-load evaluation of vapor cloud explosions in the RC column design.
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A number of underground explosions have occurred throughout the world. The worst underground mining tragedy, caused by a gas explosion in Australia, killed 96 people in 1902 (Radford, 2014). The deadliest underground coal mine explosion in human history occurred in 1942, resulting in 1549 fatalities at the Benxihu Colliery in China (Dhillon, 2010).
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Methane/coal dust explosion suppression experiments were carried out in an 896-m mining tunnel. The suppression mechanism of NH 4 H 2 PO 4 powder during methane/coal …
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There are two main methods of gold mining: placer mining and hard rock mining. Placer mining Placer mining is the technique by which gold that has accumulated in a placer deposit is extracted. Placer deposits are composed of relatively …
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Despite being crucial for meeting the world's energy demands, coal mining operations present considerable health risks, especially when it comes to exposure to coal dust. Longwall coal mining, an advanced technique, has considerably enhanced production but made dust control more difficult. Due to its explosive nature, coal dust continues to be a serious and …
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RC drilling is the preferred primary sampling method in open-pit mining operations. Once the broken RC drill cuttings are recovered, several methods of secondary sampling are used. RC rigs are usually accompanied by a cyclone (Figure 3a) which is used to collect the borehole cuttings, usually at 1 m intervals. Although ...
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3. Coal Mining is the term that encompasses the physical extraction or removal of coal from the Earth's Surface. When coal is used as fuel in power generation, it is referred to as Steaming or Thermal coal while those which are …
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A method for assessing the powder explosibility was developed using analysis of dispersed powder distribution in reaction vessels, combustion propagation, and comparative tests of atomizers. Dependences of the maximum explosion pressure on the concentration of dispersed particles and oxygen content in mixtures with nitrogen and other inert gases determined with a …
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