DOI: 10.1016/J.JCLEPRO.2016.04.061 Corpus ID: 156694985; Thermodynamics data of valuable elements relevant to e-waste processing through primary and secondary copper production: a review
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Of all the many and varied processes employed, the secondary copper blast furnace offers the greatest problems. Unlike primary copper operations a regular and consistent size of feed material is impossible to obtain (this is in fact necessary for the provision of well defined reaction zones down the shaft, to minimize dust losses).
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on Extraction of Nickel from Primary and Secondary Sources, Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 40:3, 157-193, DOI: 10.1080/08827508.2018.1514300 To link to this article: https ...
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The material produced from ores and concentrates is referred to as primary copper production. Secondary copper can also be produced by recycling scrap, as well as finished products, and has the same performance properties as primary material.
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Near-zero-waste processing of low-grade, complex primary ores and secondary raw materials in Europe: technology development trends. ... Slags from secondary copper production and the gasification of landfill mining residues have successfully been incorporated as of the precursor of alkali-activated materials in lab and pilot-scale ...
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Environmental benefits of secondary copper from primary copper based on life cycle assessment in China. Author links open overlay panel Chen Jingjing a, Wang Zhaohui a, Wu Yufeng a, ... It has reported that the recycling process produced more POPs than primary process (Hung et al., 2015; Nie et al., 2012). Moreover, informal sectors, illegal ...
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Primary and Secondary Copper Production Primary Copper Production. Primary copper production starts with the extraction of copper from ores, typically found as copper sulfides or oxides. This process includes mining, where copper ores are extracted through open-pit or underground methods, followed by concentration, where the ore is crushed and ...
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To model future secondary and primary copper production, ... For copper processing efficiency, changes in sorting & dismantling (refers to REoF), recycling (refers to FPR, IPR) and smelting & refining (refers to SRR) processes were assumed to be in line with the trends in Table 1. The target processing efficiencies of co-products in recycling ...
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This energy-efficient recycling process reduces the need for primary copper production, conserving resources and minimizing environmental impact. By integrating advanced technologies and sustainable practices, the copper industry continues to improve the efficiency and environmental performance of its operations, ensuring a steady supply of ...
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Pyrometallurgical techniques use heat to separate copper from copper sulfide ore concentrates. Process steps include mining, concentration, roasting, smelting, converting, and finally fire and …
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The analysis in this article was enabled by MineSpans, which is a proprietary McKinsey solution that provides mining operators and investors with robust cost curves, commodity supply and demand models, and detailed bottom-up models of individual mines.. For copper, MineSpans offers mine-level data on 390 primary copper mines and 170 secondary …
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The main primary processing route is th e smelting of sulfide concentrate to Cu 2 S-FeS matte followed . ... Ni, Mn) in simulated secondary copper smelting conditions was investigated for the ...
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This chapter presents information on atmospheric emissions during the production of copper (Cu), which includes primary and secondary copper. This chapter only addresses the process …
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primary copper smelter. The lead smelter and ... smelting or processing of secondary streams gener-ated in the copper smelting processes. The last two items in Table IV should be the first.
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issue for the copper cathode. There are essentially three procedures for dealing with co-products: subdivision, allocation and sys. em expansion by substitution. Both allocation and system …
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These include the primary and secondary production routes of five non-ferrous metals (tin, copper, lead, nickel, zinc), ironmaking and two waste-processing applications (spent pot lining and ...
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Example 2: Aurubis Primary and Secondary Materials Processing Systems. ... On the secondary copper side, one of the most successful expressions of an integrated recycling system has been the implementation of the Kayser Recycling System (KRS +). This flowsheet, which was developed to recover copper, lead, tin, and precious metals, has been in ...
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Download scientific diagram | Historic copper supply split into primary and secondary sources in absolute (top, including changes in copper cathode stocks) and relative numbers (bottom, without ...
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Primary copper production includes both ore mining process and copper smelting process. The critical steps of this ore mining process include crushing and ball milling of …
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Secondary copper materials are added to existing copper smelters, but processing challenges arise as the tonnage of recycled WEEE increases (Reuters et al., 2013; Forsén et al., 2017; Wan et al ...
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In this paper, an LCA was applied to assess environmental impacts and identify the pollution process during the production of primary copper and secondary copper and find ways …
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Lead processing and smelting plants work with both primary and secondary lead. Primary lead is mined, separated from ore, and refined into various products, whereas secondary lead is recovered from used objects, such as used lead-acid batteries, for reuse in other products. Smelting is a key process in lead product production, and involves heating lead
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Secondary copper, circular economy, flow, future, and stock have always been the research hotspots, China's import ban and energy transition are the recent research hotspots, …
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Section 12.9 Secondary Copper Smelting, Refining, and Alloying . Including the introduction (Chapter 1), this report contains four chapters. Chapter 2 gives a description of the secondary copper industry. It includes a characterization of the industry, an overview of the different process types, a description of emissions, and a description of the
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Primary and secondary phases in copper-cobalt smelting slags from the Copperbelt Province, Zambia ... Copper and cobalt were found in low concentrations in the majority of silicates (olivine, clinopyroxene) and oxides, substituting for Fe in their structures (up to 7.15 wt.% CoO in olivine, 4.11 wt.% CuO in spinel). ...
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Section 12.3 Primary Copper Smelting . Including the introduction (Chapter 1), this report contains four chapters. Chapter 2 gives a description of the secondary copper industry. It includes a characterization of the industry, an overview of the different process types, a description of emissions, and a description of the
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Example 2: Aurubis Primary and Secondary Materials Processing Systems. ... On the secondary copper side, one of the most successful expressions of an integrated recycling system has been the implementation of the Kayser Recycling System (KRS +). This flowsheet, which was developed to recover copper, lead, tin, and precious metals, has been in ...
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Copper Ore Processing Methods. The four major steps in the production of marketable copper are mining, concentrating, smelting, and refining. In a few instances, however, leaching takes the place of concentrating, smelting, and refining. ... Primary and secondary crushing by machines of the Blake and gyratory types and intermediate and fine ...
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SX-EW solvent extraction/electrowinning process UNEP United Nations Environment Programme ... There are numerous regulatory and voluntary sustainability drivers affecting primary and secondary copper production. Very few initiatives are specifically aimed at copper; most are aimed at the mining industry as a whole (for primary production) or ...
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Steady depletion of the world's primary copper reserves coupled with a meteoric rise in electronic waste (e-waste) generation has led to secondary copper processing assuming an ever-increasing ...
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