Porphyry copper deposits are generally composed of a "plug-like" igneous intrusion– a large magma body that is emplaced beneath a volcanic system. On average these deposits can have a vertical and horizontal extent of 1-2 km and can range from tens of millions to more than one billion tons in size. …
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In summary, linking deposit types directly to ore-forming processes and genesis is certainly the preferred way to classify (e.g., Herrington ; ... Porphyry copper deposits (PCD) are large, low- to medium-grade, Cu ± Au ± Mo hydrothermal deposits related to igneous intrusions, being the largest source of the world in copper and a major source ...
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2.2 Ore genesis, grade and mineralogy of porphyry copper deposits. Porphyry copper deposits are formed when ore minerals are precipitated from high-temperature hydrothermal fluids (300–700 °C) exsolved from cooling magma in volcanic arc settings above subduction zones (Fig. 2; Richards, 2013).This type of copper deposit is named after the large-grained (cm-scale) …
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Mining and Mineral Processing. Metal deposits are mined in a variety of different ways depending on their depth, shape, size, and grade. Relatively large deposits that are close to the surface and somewhat regular in shape are mined using open-pit mine methods (Figure 18.1). Creating a giant hole in the ground is generally cheaper than making an underground mine, but it's also less …
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Gold and Cu deposits are developed in the CAOB (Lobanov et al., 2014, Pirajno et al., 2011, Seltmann et al., 2014, Soloviev et al., 2022a, Soloviev et al., 2022b, Yakubchuk et al., 2005, Daukeev, 2004), but there are relatively fewer Cu–Au deposits in the XCAOB.Although a lot of results have been achieved of Cu–Au deposits in the XCAOB, bue these above results are …
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Other types of copper deposits found throughout the world include: Volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposits, a source of copper sulfide formed through hydrothermal events in submarine environments.
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Polymetallic vein deposits are a type of mineral deposit characterized by the presence of multiple metals occurring in veins within host rocks. These deposits are valuable sources of various metals and are a significant focus of exploration and mining activities. Understanding the geological processes that lead to the formation of polymetallic vein deposits …
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types of ore deposits form in the secondary environment and then undergo later weathering so that they may have syn-depositional and post-depositional patterns that have both formed in the secondary
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Jinchuan deposit is a typical example of "forming big ore deposits in small intrusive rocks" type (mentioned earlier). The presence of "small intrusive rocks" means the Jinchuan deposit cannot be sourced in-situ from its host rocks [23]. However, systematic study of the deposit has led to the interpretation that the parental magma ...
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The major deposits of the Katangan and Permian basins also formed near the base of the two largest-known subaerial mountain ranges in Earth history, having formed during major continent-continent ...
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Sandstone-hosted copper deposits primarily refer to stratified copper minerals found in conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones and other clastic sedimentary rocks (Huang et al., 2019; Maghfouri et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2021).These deposits are typically located in the latitudinal range of 20°–30° on both sides of the equator (Hitzman et al., 2010; Cao and Xu, 2021).
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iii) Epithermal Type 1) Epithermal deposits usually form temperature between 100 and 200°C. 2) Epithermal deposits usually form at shallow depths. Deposited normally within 1,000 m (3,000 ft.) of surface; …
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Different evolution paths controlling density, salinity, and phase state of fluids contribute to selective metal precipitation: porphyry Au deposits can form at shallow …
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34 rowsPorphyry copper deposits may be subdivided according to their metal inventory, type of alteration and chemistry of hydrothermal fluid, tectonic setting or chemistry of associated magma.
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Ore-forming (hydrothermal) fluids, consisting largely of H2O, CO2, and NaCl, formed most of Earth's ore deposits. The fluids exist as largely unconfined systems in meteoric, seawater, and basinal ...
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This publication contains a computer file of information on porphyry copper deposits from around the world. It also presents new grade and tonnage models for porphyry copper deposits and …
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To understand how copper is formed, it helps to look at how porphyry deposits—the largest current sources of copper ore—form. The orebodies form in hydrothermal veins that are born in underground magma …
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Copper deposits occur in sedimentary and volcanogenic rocks within a wide variety of geologic environments where there may be little or no evidence of hydrothermal alteration. Some deposits may be hypogene and have a deep-seated source for the ore fluids, but because of rapid cooling and dilution during syngenetic deposition on the ocean floor, the resulting deposits are not …
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Mo, Cu and Au endowment in porphyry-type ore deposits Data for Figure 2 were taken from Mutschler et al. (1999) with addiLonal points for major Mo ± Cu deposits in Asia listed by Gao et al. (2018). For points along the le[ axis, no Cu data were reported. Figure 3 comparing Au and Cu endowments of porphyry deposits uses the compilaLon by Chiaradia
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PDF | Summary of the different alteration types found in Porphyry Copper deposits with detailed mineralogy and spectral signatures. | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate
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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Ores formed by hydrothermal processes (hydrothermal veins), Ores formed by igneous processes within the earth (gravity settling), Ores formed by sedimentary processes (Residue of bauxite), Hydrothermal ore deposits are an important and varied group of ore deposits that form many of the worlds richest ore …
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M etallic deposits are commonly found at both continental and arc convergent plate margins. Along the Circum-Pacific Belt major metallic deposits occur in western North and South America, Japan, Philippines, New Zealand and Indonesia. More than half of the world's supply of copper comes from the Porphyry Copper Deposits of this region.
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seminated copper deposits in volcanic rocks that have no massive ore with them, although pyrite is usually present. About 13% of the known inventory of copper is contained in this type of deposit amounting to over 50 Mt of metal, although probably only half of this exists today as reserves. Individual deposits vary from quite small ones
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Porphyry copper deposits comprise three broad types: plutonic, volcanic, and those we will call "classic". The general characteristics of each are illustrated in photographs linked near the …
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This type of deposit is characterized by low to medium metal contents, but very high tonnages ( [7] [21] ). Porphyries occur at shallow depth (1 to 5 km), around calc-alkalic intrusions related to subduction zones, island arcs or continental Cordilleras [22] . Main metals in this type of deposit are copper, molybdenum and gold.
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Porphyry copper deposits comprise three broad types: ... However, volatile-enriched magmas emplaced in highly permeable rock are ore-forming processes that can be described in a series of models that represent successive stages in an evolving process. End-member models of hydrothermal regimes attempt to show contrasting conditions for systems ...
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Furthermore, the copper endowment of all deposit types undoubtedly benefits from optimization of the ore-forming processes involved. Tectonic setting also plays a fundamental role in copper metallogeny. Contractional tectonomagmatic belts, created by flat-slab subduction or, less commonly, arc-continent collision and characterized by crustal ...
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SEDEX, which stands for Sedimentary Exhalative, refers to a type of mineral deposit that is formed by the precipitation of ore minerals from hydrothermal fluids that are expelled into a water environment, typically in a marine sedimentary basin. These deposits are significant sources of lead, zinc, and silver, and they are found in geological settings where …
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The various theories of ore genesis explain how the various types of mineral deposits form within the Earth's crust. Ore genesis theories are dependent on the mineral or commodity. ... The world's major copper deposits are formed within the granitic porphyry copper style. Copper is enriched by processes during crystallisation of the granite ...
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Distribution of known copper deposits in 2008. Red indicates copper associated with igneous intrusions (porphyry copper deposits) and blue indicates copper contained in sedimentary …
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