The pretreatment of refractory gold ore is a complex chemical process. In addition to the oxidation of pyrite, some side reactions also occur. The phase changes of refractory gold ore before and after pretreatment are shown in Fig. 11. The main phases of refractory gold ore include quartz (SiO 2), pyrite (FeS 2), and dolomite (CaMg(CO 3) 2 ...
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Technology Processing refractory ores gets easier with new equipment Collaboration between Kingston Process Metallurgy (KPM) and Barrick Gold has resulted in the development of a two-inch continuous fluid bed roaster that should allow inexpensive testing of small ore samples, like those from drill core from prospective projects.
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Our patented equipment designs have enabled and enhanced operations, maintenance, and the availability of units for specific process operations all over the world. Hatch Gold capabilities include gold process development and …
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leaching circuits, even when the ore is finely ground. The cause of low gold recoveries can be either through the presence of naturally occurring 'preg robbing' carbonaceous materials or gold physically 'locked' in sulphide minerals. The majority of gold ores are classified refractory because the gold mineralogy is contained in sulphides.
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Gold miners are facing a reserves crisis, and what is left in the ground is becoming more and more challenging to process.Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves and 22 percent of gold resources worldwide (Exhibit 1).
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Testwork was undertaken to develop a flowsheet that would maximise gold recovery from an ore containing 3 g/t Au and high levels of arsenic. Treatment of the sulphide ore involves gravity …
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DOI: 10.1016/J.MINENG.2021.106822 Corpus ID: 233530449; Recovery of gold from sulfide refractory gold ore: Oxidation roasting pretreatment and gold extraction @article{Qin2021RecoveryOG, title={Recovery of gold from sulfide refractory gold ore: Oxidation roasting pretreatment and gold extraction}, author={Hong Qin and Xueyi Guo and Qinghua …
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Refractory Gold. Any ore that is not readily amenable to recovery by conventional cyanide leaching at a reasonable grind size can be considered refractory. The three primary factors that cause gold ores to be refractory are: • Physical encapsulation – Extremely fine (<10 µm) particles are locked within an impervious, unreactive mineral.
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Download Citation | Current progress on gold recovery from refractory ore and waste electrical and electronic equipment | The physical and chemical properties of gold promote its application, such ...
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refractory gold ore is gold-containing ore that is resistant to recovery by direct cyanidation and carbon adsorption processes. More specifically, it is an ore that has a gold recovery rate of less than 80% when direct cyanidation is applied to it. Dr Chris Fleming, senior metallurgical consultant at SGS Minerals, says: "In the
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Reserves of high-grade gold ore worldwide are decreasing, and some industries have started processing refractory gold ore. Refractory gold ore contains sulfide minerals such as pyrite (FeS 2 ...
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During roasting, refractory gold ore is treated with extremely hot air. This causes the sulfites to oxidize, separate from the ore, and become sulfur dioxide. Once all of the sulfides are oxidized, the remaining gold ore can be processed normally. The roasting method has been around for hundreds of years. Prior to the 20th century, the process ...
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Gold can be liberated from refractory ores by roasting, high or low-pressure oxidation, bacterial oxidation and chemical oxidation [12], but these processes often imply environmental problems, excessive capital requirements, high operating and maintenance costs, or the need of highly trained operating personnel.The ozonation process has been …
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The term 'refractory gold ores' refers to gold ores characterised by a low extraction yield through cyanidation. Therefore, to improve the gold leaching efficiency, pretreatment techniques are necessary to overcome the refractoriness behaviour. This paper reviews various technologies applied to enhance gold recovery from refractory ores ...
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The use of thiosulfate to extract gold from refractory ores is promising because of its non-toxicity and high selectivity. Sulfide minerals (i.e., pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite), major gold carriers in refractory gold ores, …
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The efficiency of gold extraction from sulphidic refractory ores (e.g., arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and pyrite (FeS 2)) by direct cyanidation is usually very low (Badri and Zamankhan, 2013, Faraz et al., 2014), since fine gold particles in these ores are mostly locked up in the bulk and therefore inaccessible to leaching agents and dissolved oxygen (Badri and Zamankhan, …
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Refractory gold ore is usually affected by the associated carbonaceous matter through the preg-robbing effect, which is eliminated by oxidation roasting, followed by leaching, to achieve a satisfactory gold leaching efficiency. ... However, the strict requirements for equipment and the high operating cost are still big problems. 22 ...
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Overview. Pressure Oxidation (POX) is a process used to extract gold, copper, zinc, molybdenum, and uranium from refractory ore bodies. The POX process utilizes elevated temperatures (roughly 230 degrees Celsius), elevated …
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Gold-containing ores, having refractory sulfidic matter or a combination of refractory sulfidic matter and refractory carbonaceous matter, are processed to recover their gold values. The process uses an ore roasting procedure that utilizes a two-state, fluidized bed roaster. The process also employs a pure oxygen atmosphere during roasting.
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Refractory gold ores are generally defined as those ores that do not give economical recoveries in conventional cyanide circuits where the ore has been ground to around 53 to 75 microns. …
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Today, Outotec can offer processes and equipment that cover the full gold value stream from ore to dore. This includes all three main oxidative processes for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates – BIOX, pressure oxidation, and roasting – as well as the equipment for ultra-fine grinding as a fourth, non-oxidative treatment option.
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The BIOX ® process for the treatment of refractory gold concentrates has been in commercial operation for 35 years following the commissioning of the first commercial installation at the Fairview Gold Mine in 1986. The process has been proven to operate successfully over a wide range of concentrate feed grades and mineralogies, climatic conditions, and site altitudes.
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Refractory Ore Types. To be effective, cyanide solution must contact and dissolve the majority of the gold particles in the ore. In one type of refractory ore, the leach solution never comes into contact with a portion of the gold because it is present as fine particles encapsulated within impermeable ore particles.
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This has a significant effect on the environmental footprint of gold production as refractory ores cannot be easily treated by simple cyanidation treatment. In refractory ores, gold is typically encapsulated inside a sulfide matrix (pyrite, arsenopyrite) that must be decomposed to liberate the gold for leaching (Marsden and House Citation 2005).
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Case 8 - Thiourea solution was applied to dissolve gold from low-grade refractory gold ore. Tests were conducted on four samples: a) as raw-ore; b) after roasting; c) ... in turn, contaminate conventional processing equipment (e.g. arsenic in gold ore). The big challenge when using microorganisms is controlling operational conditions. In line ...
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Refractory gold reserves, which require more sophisticated treatment methods in order to achieve oxide-ore recovery rates, correspond to 24 percent of current gold reserves …
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Minerals Engineering, Vol. 4, Nos 7-1 I, pp. 1029-1041, 1991 0892-6875/91 $3.00 + 000 Printed in Great Britain 1991 Pergamon Press plc PROCESSING OF REFRACTORY GOLD ORES K.S. FRASER, R.H. WALTON and J.A. WELLS Kilborn Limited, 2200 Lake Shore Blvd. West, Toronto, Ontario MSV IA4, Canada ABSTRACT During the last ten years, increasing …
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An extensive investigation into this matter is reported in two recent papers published in Australia: "The Condition of Refractory Gold in Lake View and Star (Kalgoolie) Ore" by N. I. Haszard and "Roasting and Treatment of Auriferous Flotation Concentrates" by A. …
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At the plant of the Consolidated Murchison Co. in the Transvaal, South Africa, where a refractory high-antimony gold ore is being treated, …
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Hypochlorite leaching system is a strong oxidizing solution for metal sulfides, which are naturally associated with gold extraction. This study evaluated the hypochlorite leaching of refractory gold ore by using the response surface method–central composite design (RSM-CCD) as a statistical approach in determining the optimum condition of gold extraction from …
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